FISH PREFERENDUM

FISH PREFERENDUM

Practicum Reports

Prepared to fulfill duties of Ecology course

Lectured by Mr. Dr.Hadi Suwono, M.Sc. and

Mrs. Dr.Vivi Novianti, S.Si, M.Si.

By:

Offering A/ group 2

Aushofusy Syarifa Agustin    150341606815

M. Taufik Aji F                       150341602764

Purwaning Rohmah                150341600847

Ruri Indarti                             150341600730

Shela Emilia Permatasari         150341603981

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MALANG

FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY

April 2017

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1  Background

Every living creature of exposure to various abiotic environmental factors are always dynamic in both the scale of space and time. Therefore, every living creature must be able to adapt to face the abiotic environmental factors. However, animals can not live in the range of abiotic factors widest. In principle, each animal has a specific range of tolerance against abiotic environmental factors. This is stated in Shelford Tolerance Law which states that every organism has a minimum and maximum ecological, which is the lower limit and the upper limit of the tolerance range of the organism to the conditions of environmental factors.

Genetically determined tolerance range, but can be changed by the process of acclimatization (in nature) and acclimation (in the laboratory). Acclimatization is an attempt by humans to adjust the condition of environmental factors in the new artificial habitat. Acclimation is human efforts to adjust the conditions of the animals against certain environmental factors in the laboratory.

Therefore, to determine the tolerance range or limit the effects of environmental factors on the survival of living beings and determine what temperature range is most preferred by these individuals it is necessary to preferendum observation.

1.2  Problem Formulation

1.      How is the limiting factor and temperature tolerance range against individuals based on the phase distribution of live fish (juvenile, gravid and non-gravid)?

2.      How fish preferendum temperature conditions?

3.      How the relation between influence acclimation to limiting effect and preferendum ?

1.3  Hypotheses

1.      The limiting factor is temperature

2.      The acclimation temperature and the life stage of fish can influence the fish’s preference of temperature

3.      There is least influence acclimation to limiting effect dan preferendum

1.4  Purpose

1        Knowing the limiting factor and temperature tolerance range against individuals based on the phase distribution of live fish (juvenile, gravid and non-gravid).

2        Knowing the fish preferendum temperature conditions.

3        Checking whether there is influence acclimation to the effects of the restrictive and preferendum.

1.5  Benefits

1.      To determine the limiting factors and the range of temperature tolerance against individuals based on the phase distribution of live fish (juvenile, gravid and non-gravid).

2.      To determine the temperature conditions preferendum fish.

3.      To determine the effect of acclimation to the effects of restricting and preferendum.

1.6  Operational Definition

1        Acclimatization. Acclimatization is a man committed to adjust animals on the condition of environmental factors in the new artificial habitat.

2        Acclimation. Acclimation is human efforts to adjust the conditions of the animals against certain environmental factors in the laboratory.

3        Preferendum. Preferendum is the favorite animal of the specific environmental conditions.

4        Juvenile. Juvenile fish are larval stages.

5        Gravid. Gravid fish are at the stage of pregnancy (carrying eggs in their stomachs).

6        Non gravid. Non gravid fish at this stage is not pregnant.

CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Gatul Fish (Poecilia reticulata)

Gatul (Poecilia reticulata), also known as millionsfish, is one of the most popular freshwater fish in the world. This fish is a small part of the family Poecilidae (female fish length of 4-6 cm, male 2,5- 3,5 cm) and like all members of his family, these fish reproduce by giving birth. This fish in the local language klataw (Agbayani, 2007).

Poecillia reticulata is a species of fish are able to live and adapt in a place that has been contaminated (dirty). Moreover, in India, Poecillia reticulate an effective biocontrol for the development of mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus Mass. Gatul fish (Poecillia reticulata are predators of mosquitoes in dirty places (eg sewers) because the waste can kill mosquito larvae (Djamal,1992).

Gatul male fish has characteristics slender body with a relatively small size and length. There are a little red. In the male fish are modified anal fin and pelvic fins that serve to deliver sperm into the female's body. While on the female fish, larger body size with a relatively short size and a darker color (Krohne, 1997).

2.2 Fish’s Preferences

Adaptation is an individual's ability to cope with the environment and use natural resources more to survive in niches occupied (Afzalani, 2010). Every organism has the nature of adaptation to life in a wide range of environmental conditions. There is some kind of adaptation, namely adaptation morphological, physiological adaptation, and adaptation behavior.

Environmental factors are any factors that affect the life of an organism in its development process. Factors generally divided into factors that are physical and biological. Abiotic factors such as land, air, space, stick to the medium where the animals, weather, climate and temperature. While biotic factors, among others, plants and microbes that are around the animal (Sukarsono, 2012).

Temperature is a measure of molecular movement energy. Temperature is one factor that is important in regulating the process of life and spread of the organism. Vital life processes that are collectively called metabolism, dala serves only a relatively narrow temperature range is usually between 0-40 ⁰ C (Star, 2013).

Fish that have a great tolerance to temperature changes are called euritermik. Conversely there is also a small tolerance, called to be stenotermik. For example, fish in the sub-tropics and the poles were able to tolerate low temperatures, while fish in the tropics like warm temperatures. The optimum temperature required by the fish for growth.

Preference or favorite animals to environmental conditions or certain foods is different in each organism. It is influenced by many factors such as tolerance and adaptation to the environment. This is useful for maintenance or cultivation of certain animals to determine environmental and food preferences.

Spreading the animal species affected by environmental conditions, both biotic factors and abiotiknya. Abiotic factors such as temperature, climate, topography, the chemicals in the environment. Therefore, the environment greatly affects the tendency of certain species to better occupy the optimum environment for survival (Simanjuntak, 2009).

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODS

1.1  Location

Research is housed at the Laboratory of Ecology, Department of Biology, State University of Malang.

1.2  Time

Time of this experiment takes place on Wednesday, 1 March 2017 and Thursday, 2 March 2017.

1.3  Equipment and Materials

The equipment required in this study include the aquarium, thermometer temperature, compartment, beaker glass, stove methylated, small nets, aerators, water pump, stones and hoses, water bath, chiller, lap desks, mop, measuring cups, buckets, cable and a plastic spoon.

While the materials needed are gatul fish (Poecilia reticulata) juvenile phase, non-gravid and gravid as many as 250 tigers respectively. In addition, it needed a little ice cubes, plastic bags, and lighters.

1.4  Methods

4.3.1        Acclimatization

1.      Perform Preparing the bath water, chiller and aquariums.

2.      Pours water into water baths and chiler using buckets.

3.      Clearing the table from spills of water using a desk mop and floor from water spills using floor cloth.

4.      Turning on the water bhat carefully so as not surge.

5.      Set the temperature of water bath at 30 ^° C .

6.      Set the temperature of Chiler at 20 ^° C.

7.      Provide aeration using aerator.

8.      Entering fish (one kind) thereto not more than 100 individuals.

9.      Inserting other types of fish to another aquarium.

10.  Closing the tank using a wire gauze.

11.  Controlling the fish every morning and throw dead fish with nets and then put in a plastic bag.

4.3.2 Treatment

1.      Laying compartment as flat as possible on the table.

2.      Taking thermometer and tie the middle using a rubber band.

3.      Fill water filled pond experiment that has been conditioned with gendapan pen overnight as high as 3-4 cm (or measured with a measuring cup).

4.      Insert the thermometer into the compartment aperture set to the same height and do not touch the compartment.

5.      Laying the spirit lamp compartment below the right part.

6.      Turn on the lights methylated using matchsticks set the height of the flame to touch the base of the compartment and maintains the temperature so as not to exceed 35 ^° C.

7.      Taking a bucket of ice cubes using frezer then put two pieces on the other (which is not affected by the fire) compartment.

8.      Drying the wet table using a lap desk.

9.      Viewing thermometer to occur gradation temperature and record the temperature of each thermometer.

10.  Took 10 grafid of aquarium fish using nets and then inserted into the middle compartment.

11.  Wait 5-10 minutes and endeavored not move much so that the fish are not scared and move.

12.  Viewing every 5 minutes to 15 minutes.

13.  Noting the observations in the table has been provided.

14.  Repeating step No. 7 - No. 12 as much as 3 repetitions using different fish grafid.

15.  Repeating step No. 7 - No. 13 as much as 3 repetitions using non grafid and juvenile fish.

CHAPTER IV

DATA AND DISCUSSION

4.1  Data

Temperature of Aclimation: 20^oC

The Fish Quantity At 5 Minutes After Treatment

The Fish Quantity At 10 Minutes After Treatment

 

The Fish Quantity At 15 Minutes After Treatment

Temperature of Aclimation: 25^oC

The Fish Quantity At 5 Minutes After Treatment

The Fish Quantity At 10 Minutes After Treatment

The Fish Quantity At 15 Minutes After Treatment

Temperature of Acclimation: 30^oC

The Fish Quantity At 5 Minutes After Treatment

The Fish Quantity At 10 Minutes After Treatment

The Fish Quantity At 15 Minutes After Treatment

4.2  Analyze

Acclimation in fish Poecilia reticulata with local names gatul, performed with three variations of temperature, 20ºC, 25ºC, and 30ºC. Acclimation temperature of 20ºC is the treatment of fish to cold temperatures, whereas in warmer temperatures 30ºC and given normal treatment temperature to normal temperature as well as the ambient temperature is 25ºC. Acclimation is done during the first day, it is to get the fish to the treatment temperature. After the treatment the fish acclimation has been familiarized with certain temperature and then do preferendum fatherly see a tendency toward a preferred temperature or the right temperature for the fish gatul. In preferendum fish gatul distinguished three phases which juvenile or small fish, gravid phase or adult fish during the reproductive and non-gravid phase or adult fish but do not initiate reproduction. Preferendum treatment is done with a long time of 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes with repeat 3 times to minimize errors and resulting relationships acclimation temperature and temperature preferendum in each phase of the development of the fish.

4.2.1 Acclimation temperature of 20 º C

a.            Preferendum for 5 Minutes

In acclimation temperature of 20ºC or cool for 5 minutes mostly fish prefers the central part of the compartment is at a temperature of 20s ° C but the fish hanging out with phase gravid prefers the colder temperatures, 50% of the fish gathered at a temperature of 21ºC as many as 5 individuals while in temperature 22ºC, there are no fish and at a temperature of 23ºC found only one of the tail, ie the gravid phase and at a temperature of 24ºC instead found only 2 fish with non-gravid phase. The third phase of the fish at the same time can be found at a temperature of 25ºC with gravid phase as many as three tails, non-gravid phase 2 tails and fish with juvenile phase there is only one tail. Meanwhile, at a temperature of 26ºC only found fish with non-gravid phase 3 tail number. The third phase of the fish at the same time can also be found at a temperature of 27ºC with the highest number of phases juvenit, 4 heads, in the non-gravid phase as many as three tails, and the gravid phase found only one tail only. Phase juvenile fish for 5 minutes at a temperature of 28ºC dominate as much as 4 heads and another phase it is not found at a temperature of 28ºC. At a temperature of 29ºC, 30ºC and 31ºC did not find fish in any phase.  

b.            Preferendum for 10 Minutes

In acclimation temperature of 20ºC or cold for 10 minutes most of the fish prefers the central part of the compartment is at a temperature of 20s ° C but the fish hanging out with phase gravid still prefers the colder temperatures, over 50% of the fish gathered at a temperature of 21ºC as many as 6 tails and only found juvenile phase 1 ikansaja tail, whereas at 22ºC temperature did not find any fish and at a temperature of 23ºC found only one of the tail, or the stage gravid. At a temperature of 24ºC instead found only 2 fish with non-gravid phase. Meanwhile, at a temperature of 25ºC only found fish with non-gravid phase 3 tail number. The third phase of the fish at the same time can be found at a temperature of 26ºC with gravid phase 1 tail, non-gravid phase 3 tails and fish with juvenile phase 2 tails. At a temperature of 27ºC number of juvenile phase with only one tail non-gravid phase 2 tails. Phase juvenile fish dominate for 10 minutes at a temperature of 28ºC as much as 6 tails and other phases it is not found at a temperature of 28ºC. At a temperature of 29ºC was discovered first phase of gravid fish but the 30ºC and 31ºC had not found the fish in any phase.

c.                Preferendum for 15 Minute

The general pattern of the acclimation temperature of 20ºC or cold for 15 minutes more spesik winnowing phase where gravid fish prefers the colder temperatures, the fish with the phase of non-gravid prefer pa. da nomal temperature and more juvenile phase nenyukai ika warmer temperatures. Fish gatul with gravid phase came together at a temperature of 21ºC as many as four tails, at a temperature of 22ºC found gravid phase 2 tails and each 1 tail spread at a temperature of 23ºC, 24ºC, 26ºC, and at a temperature of 28 ºC. While the fish with non-gravid phase more myenangi normal room temperature is sebanya two tails at 24 ºC, 3 heads at 25ºC, 3 tails at a temperature of 26ºC and at a temperature of 27ºC found senayak 2 fish. Fish with a dominant juvenile phase at a temperature of 28ºC and 29ºC respectively of 4 individuals and 2 others tesebar each still 1 at colder temperatures are 21ºC and 25ºC.

4.2.2 Acclimation temperature of 25º C

a.               Preferendum for 5 Minute

           At a temperature of 25ºC or acclimation temperature for 5 minutes Ruan looks more even results preferendum more spesik phase where gravid fish prefers the colder temperatures, the fish with the phase of non-gravid prefer pa. da nomal temperature and more juvenile phase nenyukai ika warmer temperatures. Fish gatul with gravid phase came together at a temperature of 21ºC as many as four tails, at a temperature of 22ºC found gravid phase 2 tails and each 1 tail spread at a temperature of 23ºC, 24ºC, 26ºC, and at a temperature of 28 ºC. While the fish with non-gravid phase more myenangi normal room temperature is sebanya two tails at 24 ºC, 3 heads at 25ºC, 3 tails at a temperature of 26ºC and at a temperature of 27ºC found senayak 2 fish. Fish with a dominant juvenile phase at a temperature of 28ºC and 29ºC respectively of 4 individuals and 2 others tesebar each still 1 at colder temperatures are 21ºC and 25ºC.

b.               Preferendum for 10 Minute

In acclimation temperature of 25ºC or temperature Ruan for 10 minutes seemed to result preferendum where fish phase of gravid more evenly distributed at room temperatures and warmer, while fish with a phase of non-gravid more spread good pda cooler temperatures and warmer and the fish phase also more liked normal temperatures and warmer than the cold. Fish gatul with more collected gravid phase at a temperature of 25ºC as much as 2 heads, 2 tails temperature of 26ºC and at a temperature of 27ºC increases the number of fish that are found there are 3 1 fish. Meanwhile, at a temperature of 29ºC only 1 phase gravid fish and at temperatures above 30ºC and 31ºC had not found fish gravid phase. as many as four tails, at a temperature of 22ºC found gravid phase as much. While the fish with non-gravid phase can be found spread in warmer temperatures are 27ºC there are two tails, at a temperature of 28ºC, 29ºC and 30ºC respectively found only one tail. Besides fish phase of non-gravid can also be found in colder temperatures, namely at a temperature of 21ºC is 1 fish and at a temperature of 22ºC found two fish, while at a temperature of 23 was not found fish any phase and at 24ºC rediscovered fish phase of non-gravid 2 tails. Fish with juvenile phase can be found at cold temperatures are 21ºC there is only one tail only sedagkan at a temperature of 22ºC, 23ºC and 24ºC did not reveal any phase of juvenile fish. At a temperature of 25ºC and 26ºC started to find juvenile fish each phase 2 tails and at a temperature of 27ºC and 28ºC also did not reveal any phase of juvenile fish. Then, at a temperature of 29ºC found fish juvenile phase 2 tails and 1 head at 30ºC. While the temperature above 31ºC are no fish to be found in any phase.

c.                Preferendum for 15 Minute

In preferendum for 15 minutes of acclimation phase 25ºC Number of juvenile fish amounted to only nine tails, fish juvenile phase is getting more common in the cold side of the compartment that is found to 7 mice at a temperature of 21ºC and two tails at a temperature of 22ºC. whereas fish with non-gravid phase prefers warmer temperatures are one tail at a temperature of 26ºC and most commonly found in 27ºC temperatures as much as 4 tails. While the non-gravid fish more ang tesebar one tail at a temperature of 28ºC and two tails at a temperature of 29ºC. In the phase of gravid fish instead looked more even at a temperature of 23ºC, 24ºC, and 25ºC respectively 1 tail. Then there are three phases of gravid fish at a temperature of 26ºC and decreased the number becomes 2 tails and 1 head respectively at a temperature of 27ºC and 28ºC, up to the temperature of 29ºC remained one tail, and above the temperature tersubt fish had not found any phase.

4.2.3 Acclimation temperature of 30 º C

a.            Preferendum for 5 Minute

In acclimation warmer temperatures are 30ºC then preferendum show fare juveil fish with tails are a number 3 at a temperature of 21ºC and 2 fish at a temperature of 22ºC, then the spread of juvenile fish that are in the phase of warmer temperatures are 29ºC temperature some 5 tails. While the fish with a phase of non-gravid  more spread  at  normal temperature, at a temperature of 23ºC found only one tail and then as many as 4 heads, 3 heads and one tails successively occupy temperature 24ºC, 25ºC, and 26ºC, above these temperatures not found fish with non-gravid phase. While the fish with the phase gravid just spread at warmer temperatures are straight  in suhu25ºC, 25ºC, 26ºC, 27ºC, 28ºC, 29ºC and 30ºC as 1tails, 2 tails, 1 head, 3 heads, one head and two tails. While at a temperature of 31ºC not found any fish at all phases of fish gatul.

b.            Preferendum for 10 Minute

In acclimation 30ºC for 10 minutes preferendum results indicate the presence of specific condition each phase. Juvenile phase more clusters at colder temperatures, namely at a temperature of 21ºC 90% or as much as 9 tails and at a temperature of 22 ºC there is only one phase of juvenile fish. While at normal temperatures dominated by non-gravid phase occupying the compartment with a temperature of 24ºC, 25ºC, 26ºC, 27ºC and 28ºC by the number of fish that are found in a row as much as 2 heads, 3 heads, 3 heads, two tails and one tail. At warmer temperatures between 27ºC to 30ºC occupied by fish gravid phase in which one tail at a temperature of 27ºC, 4 heads at 28ºC, two tails at 29ºC at 30ºC can be found 3 phase gravid fish. While at a temperature of 31ºC did not reveal any presence of fish.

c.             Preferendum for 15 Minute

During the 15-minute treatment with the fish preferendum acclimation treatment over 30ºC  indicates a certain temperature specifications in each phase gatul fish. At colder temperatures  juvenile phase dominates at 21ºC temperature of 7 animals and 2 tails the other is at a temperature of 22ºC. While at normal room temperature is 25ºC, 26ºC, and 27ºC respectively are 4 heads, 4 heads and one tails that are exclusively fish gatul on non-gravid phase. Fish with more gravid phase gathered at a temperature of 28ºC 2 tails, at a temperature of 29ºC for 3 tails and at 30ºC found a number of phases 5 gatul gravid fish, while at a temperature above that temperature is 31ºC there is no single fish.

4.3  Discussion

4.3.1 Acclimation temperature at 20⁰C

a.                           Preferation due 5 minutes

On this preference  is used 3 types of  gravid  fish  phase , non  gravid  and  juvenil.  When the first 5 minutes obtained  results more gravid fish were cold  areas i.e. 20°C to 21°C, this is because the fish have been at acclimation in cold temperatures before so that the fish have been accustomed  to at  other things  though, the jug on a fish  karena phase has a high sensitivity gravid against temperature so that the fish will  adjust the  temperature with optimal temperatures  have been made on aklimasi for a day of it: with a temperature of 20 ° c. On phase juvenil and non gravid fish were more pleased at the middle of the compartment that is 27 ° c, because at the time of juvenil fish being able to adapt quickly and easily on the temperature-the temperature of tertenru, it is with regard to the capability and range the fish’s termoregulation.

b.                          Preferation due 10 minutes

On  preferandum for 10 minutes obtained results not much different, but here the fish from different  phases tend to choose and to low temperature in the temperature range is 21 ° c to 26 ° c, as evidenced by the gravid fish were originally five fish that are on the verge of bottom fish into 6 compartments . such things can happen because the fish has undergone  acclimation  with a relatively low  temperature, so that when placed in the disc compartment  will then tend to select lower temperature.

c.                                       Preferation due 15 minutes

On the preferences  for 15 minutes  the  results obtained  vary, i.e.  fish  gravid at a temperature of 21 ° c to 28 ° c, non gravid fish 24 ° c to 27 ° c, and fish juvenil 21 ° c to 29 ° c. Range so far this is relative because the fish is placed in the compartment began to get used to its optimum temperature, so that the fish from different phases it has had its own optimal temperature. But most of the fish are indeed the most are still at a relatively low temperature (cold), because these fish have been given treatment acclimation with low temperature, but at the moment it is put into the compartment of the fish have started to do variations and test the temperature of the body's physiological tolerance against thermoregulasi. But,the fish results obtained tetpa juvenil thermoregulasi range have the highest

In  this practical work,  errors  may occur, i.e. on the tendency of  praktikan  release the fish into the disc compartment on side in particular, or because of  movement and sound environment of fish in a compartment Between the animal and its surroundings there are  reciprocal  relationships  that  influence each other.  Not just a great  course  environment  influence about animals success for a living, and depression, but rather, the environment may be changed due to the presence and impact of the activities of  animal’s life.  Environmental factors that could  give  animal welfare  dan changes of condition  occurs on several environmental factors alone. Environmental factor like this is what was then known as the environment for  animal resources  (Sukarsono, 2012).

In addition, the temperature is also very important for the life of the organism in the water, because  the temperature affects both the activity as well as  the breeding  of organisme tersebut.  Therefore, it is no wonder  if  encountered  various  jenis ikan contained in various places in the world to  have  a certain  tolerance against temperature (Burnie, 2005). There are several species of fish  that  has tolerance  to temperature changes, called euryterm, are on the contrary there is also  that  little  toleration , are  called  stenoterm  (Sumarwoto, 2001).

4.3.2        Acclimation temperature at 25⁰C

On acclimation temperature 25ºC or room temperature for 5 minutes shows preferendum result where gravid fish phase more diepersed at room temperature that is between 24-26ºC which most fish are at the temperature 24ºC, non-gravid fish phase more spreads in cold, room (intermediate), and warm temperature, while juvenile fish phase more spread on the temperature range 21-25ºC where the most fish were gathered on the temperature 23ºC.

At the time 10 minutes, the preferendum results shows that gravid fish phase is more dispersed evenly at room and warm temperature, while fish with phase non-gravid more nicely spread at many temperature, that are colder and warmer and juvenile fish phase also prefer normal temperatures and more warmer that on cold temperature.

At the time 15 minutes, the preferensum results shows that gravid fish phase prefer to be in the temperature range 23-29ºC where the most prefer at temperature 26ºC, non-gravid fish phase prefers warm temperature namely the range 26-29ºC where the most prefer at temperature 27ºC , and juvenile fish phase prefer at cold temperature that was between temperature 21-22ºC.

According to Yonandre (2010), gathul fish can live naturally in the cold water temperatures that is 22,5ºC, and hot environment which has temperature between 30ºC. Commonly,  gathul fish can live in water which has temperature between 20-30ºC. From the results of acclimation at temperature 25ºC, it is obviously shows that gravid fish phase has a little temperature range. They mostly prefer in the range of room temperature. Since they are in pregnancy phase, they have less adaptation ability so thet’s why they prefer preferendum in which has similar temperature with its acclimation (25ºC). Non-gravid fish phase has large enough temperature range. They can spread in warmer, room, or colder temperature that its acclimation temperature which at 25ºC. They are in the adult phase which have good adaptation and good metabolism , that’s why they could spread in wide range of temperature. Juvenile fish phase has a little temperature range that is in the cold-room temperature. This condition suits them because they are still at kid phase which has fragile body and weak metabolism. They still learning on how to adapt with environment and warmer place did not suits them because it affects in their metabolism.

4.3.3        Acclimation temperature at 30⁰C

The discussion in this lab samples used are guppies because these fish have a relatively small body size, cold-blooded, their movements are easily observed, as well as easy to regulate the temperature of its environment. These fish are small ornamental fish species that are easily found in the market. Preferences temperature involves many physiological functions in maintaining homeostasis, with homeostasis as a self-regulatory mechanism to keep going on the stability of the internal environment in response to external environmental conditions that can be changed.

Acclimation in fish Poecilia reticulate with local names gatul in warmer temperatures given 30ºC After the treatment the fish acclimation has been familiarized with certain temperature and then do preferendum fatherly see a tendency toward a preferred temperature or the right temperature for the fish gatul. In preferendum fish gatul distinguished three phases which juvenile or small fish, gravid phase or adult fish during the reproductive and non-gravid phase or adult fish but do not initiate reproduction Preferendum for 5 Minutes
In acclimation warm temperature is 30ºC then preferendum show fare juvenil fish with tails are a number 3 at a temperature of 21ºC and two tails at a temperature of 22ºC, then the spread of juvenile fish that are in the phase of warmer temperatures are 29ºC temperature some 5 tails. While the fish with a phase of non-gravid more spread at normal temperature, at a temperature of 23ºC found only one tail and then as many as 4 heads, 3 heads and one tails successively occupy temperature 24ºC, 25ºC, and 26ºC, above these temperatures suda not found fish with non-gravid phase. While the fish with the phase gravid just spread at warmer temperatures are straight-turu in suhu25ºC, 25ºC, 26ºC, 27ºC, 28ºC, 29ºC and 30ºC as 1, 2 tails, 1 head, 3 heads, one head and two tails. While at temperature of 31ºC no one of all gatul fish’s phase was found. Preferendum for 10 Minutes in acclimation 30ºC for 10 minutes preferendum results indicate the specific conditions of each Fasse. Juvenile phase more clusters at colder temperatures, namely at a temperature of 21ºC 90% or as much as 9 tails and at a temperature of 22 ºC there is only one phase of juvenile fish. While at normal temperatures dominated by non-gravid phase occupying the compartment with a temperature of 24ºC, 25ºC, 26ºC, 27ºC and 28ºC by the number of fish that are found in a row as much as 2 heads, 3 heads, 3 heads, two tails and one tail. At warmer temperatures between 27ºC to 30ºC occupied by fish gravid phase in which one tail at a temperature of 27ºC, 4 heads at 28ºC, two tails at 29ºC at 30ºC can be found 3 phase gravid fish. While at a temperature of 31ºC did not reveal any presence of fish.Preferendum for 15 Minutes during the 15-minute treatment with the fish preferendum treatment over 30ºC indicates a certain temperature specifications in each phase gatul fish.

 At colder temperatures juvenile phase dominates at 21ºC temperature of 7 animals and 2 tails the other is at a temperature of 22ºC. While at normal room temperature is 25ºC, 26ºC, and 27ºC respectively are 4 heads, 4 heads and one tails that are exclusively fish gatul on non-gravid phase. Fish with more gravid phase gathered at a temperature of 28ºC 2 tails, at a temperature of 29ºC for 3 tails and at 30ºC found a number of phases 5 gatul gravid fish, while at a temperature above that temperature is 31ºC there is no single fish.
In this    acclimation temperature has seen the highest number of  fish are at ambient  temperatures of 27 ° C - 30 ° C. In accordance with aklimasinya high temperature is expected most of the fish from the treatment acclimation in hot temperatures (30 ° C) when it is released in the medium (compartment with the environment created) will swim towards temperatures similar to those previously acclimation.

In the 5th minute look compartment 7 is still a lively station frequented by fish gatul, with a temperature of 27.5 ° C. there is still headed toward the cold temperatures (compartment 1 and 2), but not as much as visiting the compartment 6. In this case the physiological control processes gatul fish begins.In the 10th minute, the fish that were in the compartment first move to other compartments, namely compartment 7. However, the average number of fish that were there outnumbered by existing in the compartment 6. This is because the temperature in the compartment 6 is considered safe for fish gatul to survive. As Muñoz et al. (2012) that usually organisms that are in a hot environment is potentially less fecundity. Fecundity alone is an ability of any organism to be able to produce children (breed).

Towards the end, it appears the fish have spread more evenly, especially in compartment 5 and 8 with a temperature of 25 ° C and 32.5 ° C. There are a small part Padda compartment 1 and compartment 4.To put it simply that over time these observations, the fish perform a process of adaptation to the environment temperature. This adaptation process includes physiological processes and behavior that prefer to live in areas that have a relatively moderate temperature (not hot or cold). Where hot and cold is also an upper limit and a lower limit of a tolerance that gatul fish.

From the results  in the 15th  minute was more assured  that the fish chose to dwell  in temperate environments, because of their  upper  and  lower limits of factors  previously  discussed. Then,  the  longer  it  goes, the  more evenly spread of fish as well, seen  from the  diagram  that has been  made  that  this  gatul  fish distibusi spread to various compartments.

CHAPTER V

CLOSING

5.1 Conclusion

1. Provision acclimatization treatment (the temperature limitations) in fish Poecilia sp.berpengaruh against the spread of fish behavior.

2. Conditions preferendumnya temperature of Poecilia sp. Having an optimum temperature in the range of 25-27 ° C.

3. The effect of acclimatization of the fish Poecilia sp. Preferendum effect on the fish, the time preferendum also affect the results of experiments that have been tested.

4.  Juvenille fish is the largest in thermoregulation range

5. Gravid fish is the shortest in thermoregulation range

6. Almostly, fish like low themperacture because have been aclimation in low therm 20 ^oC.

5.2 Suggestion

1. For laboratories, should provide tools and materials lab even more, so the lab can take place smoothly.
2. Reader is expected can keep the environment, especially animals on the ground

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